Counting in restricted shares and those associated with outstanding stock options, this produces a market cap of $12.9 billion and a price-to-sales ratio (PSR) of 24.1 based on Twitter's revenues over the past 12 months.
Thanks to Bill and Melinda Gates for having more than enough PSR (personal social responsibility) to put their money to good use.
There are no brute facts (the PSR).
In reaching all of these conclusions, Spinoza relies on the self-explaining or self-causing nature of substances and the explanatory demands of the PSR.
Instead of leaving inherence as an unprincipled primitive relation of metaphysical dependence (pace the PSR), one could read [c] as providing an analysis of both [a] and [b].
According to the Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR), what is required is an account in terms of sufficient conditions that provides an explanation why the cause had the effect it did, or alternatively, why this particular effect and not another arose.
This too Gale and Pruss concede, which means that the necessary being they conclude to is not significantly different from that arrived at by the traditional cosmological argument that appeals to the PSR.
In his response to the second letter Clarke appears to accept PSR.
From Leibniz's point of view, this renders the will, including the divine will, opaque or unintelligible: if an agent can act or make a choice without having any reason for it, then surely the agent is not rational, and if the PSR demands anything of the world, it is that the world be rationally intelligible to us.
Monadology §37) The basic idea, however, is that since everything has an explanation (the PSR), the entire series of contingent things requires an explanation.
Kant's view of space and time as exhibiting brute difference (i.e., the non-identity of locations in space and time cannot be reduced to conceptual explanation) stands in sharp contrast to the Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles, and thereby also to the PSR.
