A PCM was then fitted on the set of the pseudo-items.
Consequently, 9, 10 and 9 items or pseudo-items were analysed for the dimensions GH, PF and MH, respectively.
For the following analyses, the items presenting DIF for a variable have been replaced by two or more pseudo-items taking the values of the initial items for the corresponding level of this variable, and missing values for the other levels of this variable.
For each item, we created a pseudo-item for each level of the variables gender, age category, region and study year which presented a DIF effect [ 19].
This pseudo-item was given a value equal to the responses of the subjects with this level on the factor and was replaced by a missing value for the other subjects.
While we did not develop such a generalization in this paper, we can get a sense as to whether this alternative approach will likely yield different results by aggregating the pseudo d-items to the country level and inspecting the correlation with mean country-level achievement.
The meaningfulness of the country-level μ ERS estimates is further supported by the rather strong positive correlation (r = .672, p < .01) between the μ ERS estimates and the country-level mean number of extreme responses (i.e., pseudo "e-items" following Bockenholt, 2012 and Khorramdel & von Davier, 2014).
How in one pseudo-food item, you are consuming not one, not two, but the mutated, chemically injected flesh/byproducts of fully three different distended, liquefied, industrially tortured creatures?
Teasing a pseudo-Britney item on your front page or using Uno for a piece on pet insurance may seem like a far cry from "pornos," but is it?
