The accuracy and completeness of information given by proxy respondents varies by the relationship to the study participant, the gender, race, and age of the proxy, the specific questions asked, and how long the proxy and study participant lived together [ 54- 57].
During the years of the study, the proportion of total proxy participants varied from 15%% to 23%% for the total population.
These proxy outcomes vary locally by hospital and patient population, but they are within the same order of magnitude (0.02) so the arguments made in this article still hold true despite those variances.
As is well recognized, both the spectrum of allele frequencies for "causal" mutations and proxy haplotypes can vary widely across population groups [15].
These fixed periods are identical in all years for a given population, for example, from 15 February to 25 April in Husby et al. (2010) for the UK great tit population, which means that the predictive value of this proxy will co-vary with the absolute phenological timing in birds.
We first find that audit fees, our proxy for audit effort, vary as hypothesized with firm-level characteristics related to ownership structures and family relationships.
For example, the proxy measures of adherence varied between studies (n = 10).
The association of SBA use with the women's empowerment variables varied by proxy measure and by country.
A second and related limitation is that representation of true suicides among undetermined injury deaths, our proxy for misclassified suicides, likely varies by decedent demographics including race/ethnicity [ 36].
Specifically, the willingness of a participant to engage in a long-term romantic relationship with a mate (our proxy of a mating decision) varied with the attractiveness of the mate's partner.
