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Using Enron's January 2001 stock price of $83.13 and the directors' beneficial ownership reported in the 2001 proxy, the value of director stock ownership was $659 million for Lay, and $174 million for Skilling.
To place a locally relevant monetary value on the reallocation of time we used GDP/capita/day in Myanmar as of 2010 to proxy the value of time that had to be taken from other activities by a caregiver for every day a child had diarrhea.
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Inside and outside the firm, the affiliate's stock price — a public proxy for the value of K.K.R.'s own secretive private equity funds — had become an embarrassment.
Like many economists, Hevesi uses lifetime lost income as a rough proxy for the value of a human life and given the high wages in Manhattan's financial district he makes some pretty conservative assumptions (average victim age: 40; average victim annual income: $100,000).
Studies often use minimum wage as a proxy for the value of time lost, but this will underestimate the value of time.
As above for morbidity, average annual earnings, adjusted for employment, is used as a proxy for the value of a productive year.
We used tuition fees as a proxy for the value of learning, but private schools are primarily used by people with higher incomes and the tuition fee may therefore overstate the value of lost learning.
This entitlement can be transferred to other actors such as grandparents, and so a proxy for the value of this kind of senior activity is the parents' gained capacity to produce as a result, the value of which should be shared by the two actors (parent and grandparent).
Also problematic are "willingness to pay" measures as proxies of the value of benefits or risk reduction.
Replacement cost estimates were used as proxies for the value of insect and managed honeybee pollination services (see Table S6 and S7; equivalent to scenario one and two described in the Materials and Method, Theoretical aspects on pollination service replacement sub-section).
Academics are effectively required to seek publication in those highly ranked places, as the journals themselves become proxies for measuring the value of research.
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