Additionally, the gender of the proxy and the amount of contact between the proxy and the patient could influence their capacity to answer questions about the patient's HRQOL before ICU admission [ 32].
In addition, levels of activity of the cell towers over a specific time period could be seen as a proxy of the amount of people in the geographical area served by that tower.
The number of companies founded in a particular geographic area is a good proxy for the amount of entrepreneurial activity happening.
The former is a proxy for the amount of cash the business throws off, says Robert Willens, an accounting expert at Lehman Brothers: "The lower a company's enterprise multiple, the more susceptible the company is to being acquired".
Here, (k_{i}^{c}) is the number of edits to the concept c in the language edition i, which we use as a proxy to the amount of editing work invested in the concept.
In the overview of the Harvard and MIT working papers, Justin Reich, the Richard L. Menschel HarvardX Research Fellow, and Andrew Ho, an associate professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and co-chair of the HarvardX Research Committee, write, "While certificates are easy to count, certification is a poor proxy for the amount of learning that happens in a given course.
Additionally, we measured the interval duration between consecutive regular head movements as a proxy of the amount of time a given head position was maintained [11].
First, the expression level serves only as a proxy for the amount of active transcription factor protein.
The signal from a spot is used as a proxy for the amount of target present, frequently in a ratio relative to the same target in another sample.
The fluorescent intensity of a spot was used as a proxy for the amount of mRNA bound and proteins were ranked by the ratio of normalized mean signal intensity to median background (Table S3).
