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Six people, including four former teachers from the Memphis schools, have already pleaded guilty to accepting hundreds of dollars from Mr. Mumford to sit as proxy test takers.
Pulling a sheaf of color photocopies from his briefcase, Mr. Garrett showed pictures of falsified driver's licenses that proxy test takers had used.
According to court documents, Mr. Mumford solicited teachers to act as proxy test takers, often telling them that the people who needed help with the tests were in danger of losing their jobs.
This review only reported running endurance performance measures of aerobic capacity, with the 20-m MSFT considered a proxy test for measuring aerobic capacity of individuals [62, 63].
A partner having tested for HIV may reduce barriers to testing, particularly for females, but may also change an individual's perception of risk, as some consider their spouse's HIV test a proxy test [52].
The Heritage Action scorecards have become a proxy test of conservatism in recent years, and many Republican members worry which way -- or whether -- Heritage will score a particular vote.
Similar(52)
Participatory wealth ranking has the advantage of providing qualitative details and relative perspectives, which are otherwise missing in quantitative measures such as means testing and proxy means testing.
The analysis showed that mean testing and proxy means testing correlated more closely with each other in the households they identified as the poorest of the poor than they did with the more relativist participatory wealth ranking.
In a previous paper, we have analyzed the issues around identifying the poor for premium exemptions from a more quantitative perspective by comparing estimates of the effectiveness and efficiency of means testing (MT), proxy means testing (PMT), participatory wealth ranking (PWR) and geographic targeting (GT), in communities with different socio economic characteristics[ 17].
After the reliability of the OSS had been confirmed in the pilot study by test-retest, it was also used as a proxy to test the convergent validity of the OIDP.
Borghans and Schils argued that the performance drop may be taken as a proxy for test motivation, which is related to characteristics other than cognitive ones.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com