Other factors also contribute to smoothing the proxy temperature signals contained in many of the records we used, such as organisms burrowing through deep-sea mud, and chronological uncertainties in the proxy records that tend to smooth the signals when compositing them into a globally averaged reconstruction.
Third, we find that the one-way causality from OTC to futures volumes is mainly driven by heterogeneous investor beliefs: trading volume provides an indication on how (private) information is dispersed and held at different levels rather than proxying information signal itself.
WASHINGTON ― A confirmation vote on President Donald Trump's nominee to chair the Securities and Exchange Commission is quickly developing into a proxy vote signaling whether moderate Democrats will collaborate with the administration's efforts to roll back the 2010 Dodd-Frank financial reform law.
Table one of[20] claimed that forming a signal proxy dominates the algorithm complexity by the cost of matrix-vector multiplication.
At each iteration, it forms a signal proxy f and identifies a potential candidate Ω of the signal support by locating the largest 2s components of the proxy.
The central assumption in variable pricing models (see the section above on Variable pricing) is that the price is a proxy or a signal for demand.
In Algorithm 1, the signal proxy is f = A H v = (f 0,f 1,…,f N-1) T, where v = (v 0,v 1,…,v M-1) T and A H denotes the conjugate transpose of A. Initially, v is a (noisy) measurement vector u.
Differences of 5%and10%0% between bit scores to the top and second hits are used as a proxy for phylogenetic signal, based on demonstrated correlations between the two.
This led them to remove from the data series a statistical proxy for unmodeled signals of external origin.
A new method implemented in MATLAB uses a Monte Carlo approach on absolute age determinations to find the best correlation between climate proxies of several signal reproducing adjacent archives.
