Sentence examples for proxy parameters from inspiring English sources

This work investigates the influence of coronal mass ejection (CME) on the time derivatives of horizontal geomagnetic and geoelectric fields, proxy parameters for identifying GICs.

To date, virtually all measurements of leaf pollen deposition both direct measurements of pollen deposition on leaves and indirect measurements (other acceptors, technical instruments, proxy parameters)—have been obtained by non-standardised methods that differ in methodology, time span and available background information on the quantity of pollen shedding.

Outdoor measurements representing a large area were obtained with passive samplers and indoor exposure relied on proxy parameters.

Children's exposure in the home environment was considered only by proxy parameters such as cooking fuel type and no adjustments were made for confounding factors.

In general, proxy parameters, critical event rate, number of physiological parameters beyond a predefined threshold or short-term mortality, are used and studies using these parameters suggest that specialised retrieval teams perform better.

It is the enhanced O/N2 over TRV and SHAR, with a larger increase over SHAR, which results in a larger (than expected) value of the EIA proxy parameter.

The high uncertainty level (i.e. the error is ⩽±0.2), indicates that variation in electron density during eclipse window can be used as proxy parameter for solar ionizing radiation.

If the proxy parameter foF2 (SHAR)/ foF2 (TRV) (hereafter referred to as EIA Proxy-SHAR) is greater than 1, it indicates the presence of an anomaly, and if it is less than 1 it indicates the inhibition of an anomaly.

It is evident that the crest has not reached TRV because, in that case, the foF2 would have been a maximum there, and the proxy parameter would fall below 1.

During the morning of November 8, EEJ shows a positive excursion and, naturally, we expect development of EIA, but from the foF2 variation (Fig. 3(b)) at Trivandrum (the magnetic equatorial location), we can see that it is much higher compared to the control day of November 6. foF2 (SHAR)/ foF2 (TRV) is taken as a proxy parameter for the strength of the EIA.

Nonnested models were compared using Davidson and MacKinnon's J-test [ 33], which specifies a proxy parameter in an artificial nested model combining the two nonnested models and then tests the proxy parameter.