Sentence examples for proxy markers from inspiring English sources

To assess the relationship of birth weight, birth length, and head circumference as proxy markers of intrauterine growth, cup/disc ratio, and other optic disc parameters measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

The mean effect size or Vg may be inflated as the signals from these proxy markers were counted as well.

To establish an index of poverty, data on eight proxy markers were combined (ownership of a phone, television, fridge, radio, chickens, and availability of piped water, ownership of land and electricity in the home).

Because virtually all risk loci have been identified via proxy markers, it cannot be assumed that the haplotypes that are being identified in the populations where the original findings are made will carry the causal mutations in other geographically separated groups.

Therefore, reliable proxy markers of exposure need to be used.

We constructed an acculturation score for each participant based on these proxy markers.

In conclusion, represented by digit ratio (2D/4D) as a proxy marker, prenatal testosterone exposure may have a causal role in the sexual dimorphism observed in learning style preferences.

The serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-l-[β-11C]tryptophan ([11C]HTP) is in clinical use for localization of neuroendocrine tumors and has been suggested as a proxy marker for pancreatic islet cells.

We therefore assessed parasite densities as a proxy marker of fitness.

The induction of metallothionein genes has been used previously as a proxy marker for copper excess, and Ctr1B induction as a marker for copper deficiency [15].

The high inter-correlations suggest that the PGC can also act as a proxy marker for mood and hence depression, as has been done in some studies [7].