Sentence examples for proxy for knowledge from inspiring English sources

Thus, patent citations can be used as a proxy for knowledge flows.

As a result, little literature exists investigating the correlation between international migration and international knowledge flows using patent citations as a proxy for knowledge flows.

This paper uses this database to obtain forward citations as a proxy for knowledge flows from the inventor of the originating patent to the inventor of the citing patent.

Using a fixed effects Poisson regression, patent citations are used as a proxy for knowledge flows and regressed on immigration and other control variables; the effect of immigration on patent citations is found to be positive and statistically significant.

Profession may be serving as a proxy for knowledge and awareness.

Education may be serve as a proxy for knowledge and awareness of PMS.

In fact, if we interpret references as proxies for knowledge flows from cited to citing articles, then it would be reasonable to associate a higher value of similarity to a pair of articles that share a large number of references than to a pair sharing only few references, since the former pair is expected to draw on a more similar scientific background.

If citations are interpreted as proxies for knowledge flows, then the similarity between articles P7 and P8 in panel (d), which cite a highly-cited article, should be smaller than the similarity between articles P9 and P10 in panel (e), which instead are the only two articles citing P11.

If we accept the link between confidence and knowledge this might enable a measure of confidence as a proxy for improving knowledge.

Specifically, we argue that the percentage (P_{ito j}(p^)) of citations occurring between pairs of articles associated with a similarity that is validated at the statistical threshold (p^) can serve as a proxy for the knowledge flows taking place within a sub-field.

Participants were asked if they had ever been referred for transplant evaluation, and we used this as a proxy for participant knowledge.