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For each area where school boards and union locals agree the state has gone too far, they'll figure out another way to provide for some job security, to moderate the effect of test scores on evaluations, or to create a legally defensible proxy for experience in salary structures and call it performance-based pay.
We had to resort to an indirect method arguing that age can proxy for experience, a component of efficiency.
This leaves approximately 4 percentage points of the overall effect on employment rates attributable to other uncontrolled aspects of policy change (see Section 2), including alterations to qualifying occupations and the imperfect nature of age as a proxy for experience.
We included consultant workload in the model, as a proxy for experience, but there was no significant relationship between workload and LOS.
Because patient load, treatment seeking behavior, and timing of RDT availability varied significantly between district health centers, we used relative accumulation of tests as a proxy for experience with RDTs and/or microscopy.
Family physician characteristics included sex, years since graduation (as a proxy for experience) and type of primary care delivery model the family physician was working in at the time of patient's cohort entry.
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As scholars of both CSR and EM have suggested that industry effects may play a role, this study examines the relationship between the level of CSR performance of companies, the extent of EM firms are practising and the effect of industry (high vs. low environmental impact as a proxy for experienced stakeholder pressure).
It can even serve as a proxy for experiences audience members haven't actually lived, shaping their views on people of color and women ― and shaping the way those people view themselves. .
This variable proxies for experience in the labor market.
We combined this information to generate a binary variable proxying for experience of gambling and/or trading.
Using volume of patients seen per surgeon as a proxy for surgeon experience, higher surgeon experience was shown to correlate with better patient outcomes [ 8].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com