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In order to facilitate the proxy decision making process, it is also useful to clarify what patients expect from surrogate decision makers with regards to end-of-life decision-making.
Information sheets to help carers to overcome barriers to proxy decision making have been developed; their impact in practice has yet to be evaluated.
8 Some countries have legislation about proxy decision making, enabling family carers to make decisions on behalf of people without capacity, but this is not universally the case, and legislation differs.
For subjects with uncertain or variable capacity, 'joint decision-making with trusted family members' might help to bridge the gap between the point at which a person with dementia is fully able to make their own decisions and the time when formal proxy decision making becomes necessary on a regular basis [ 43].
In this revised model, the assumption of state of the art (SOA) on product release is dropped, technical progress is measured iteratively over time, the effective time elapsed between the SOA and a no longer SOA has been refined to include a weighted average, and a means of utilizing proxy Decision Making Unit (DMUs), was implemented to maintain the dataset over time.
Buchanan, A, The Limits Of Proxy Decision Making, in Paternalism, edited by Sartorius, R (1983), University of Minnesota Press (revised version, U.C.L.A. Law Review, 1981.).
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Companies like Weta Digital are rapidly becoming the new bellwether for IT purchasing decisions as they are leading the Big "Fast Dataa revolution, serving as a proxy for IT decision making for Corporate IT around the world.
Placebo by proxy could be as ubiquitous as the placebo effect, and in some situations placebo by proxy can dominate clinical decision making.
The final issue concerns the validity of patient scenarios as a proxy method of studying GPs' decision making.
Although several studies explored the effect of decision aid interventions on treatment decision making as a proxy for the effectiveness of the intervention, we believe that patient attitudes toward the decision making process may be a more important indicator of shared decision making effectiveness as the ultimate treatment choice may depend on several individual factors.
We obtained informed consent for prospective follow-up in writing after patients regained decision making capacity (or through proxies if patients remained incapable of decision making).
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