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We characterise two types of proxy variables and give concrete examples where the proxy conditions introduced may hold by design.
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Finally, it is shown that atmospheric CO2 measurements can be effectively utilized as a stratification proxy, indicating conditions of potential radon trapping, whereas CO2 was found to anticorrelate with the atmospheric electric field during such conditions.
I proxy economic conditions with the seasonally unadjusted annual state unemployment rate5.
In my core analyses I proxy economic conditions with the annual seasonally adjusted state unemployment rate.
The patterns observed in panel A.2, where we proxy economic conditions in US with the unemployment rate of that country, are similar to those in panel A.1, although the magnitude of coefficients is higher.19 Table 3 Effect of unemployment rate (Spain or US) on remittances (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) A. Outcome: remittances receipt (probability) A.1.
To add this new ability on the algorithm, we will use the guidelines presented in this paper, most of which are based primarily on the observation of the density of clients (number of clients per time interval) caused by the proxy workload conditions.
The baseline simulation was used as a proxy for conditions during the period covering Greenland Interstadials 9 11 (pre-H4).
Prelaying body condition, as measured by body mass (the best proxy of condition in our case, see Descamps et al. 2011b), was used to control for state at capture.
The paediatrician is viewed as an expert in Münchausen's syndrome by proxy, a condition which means parents deliberately induce or fabricate illnesses in their children to get attention for themselves.
Well, for some time, my mother has postulated that Grandma has Munchausen syndrome by proxy, a condition that causes caregivers to poison or injure their charges.
We hope that patient-based approaches will prevail as the perspective of the patients or their informed proxies for conditions that render patient decisions difficult (e.g. end of life decisions).
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