These indices are used to develop three transparent and accessible methods of analysis: (1) graphical representation; (2) percentile ranking; and (3) using a theoretical maximum as a proxy for capacity.
In many cases, for pragmatic reasons, we recognize it may be appropriate for the chronological age be used as a proxy for capacity.
To the extent that inputs – such as R&D expenditures – are a proxy for innovation capacity, Europe, according to a June 2015 report by McKinsey Global Institute, spends 2% of its GDP on R&D, about the same as China's 1.98%, but well behind United States' 2.8%.
A diagnosis of Alzheimer's (if this were even definitively possible before death), without some normative grounding, can't tell us why Alzheimer's is a good proxy for legal capacity, and, more importantly, when and how in the development of the disease the law ethically ought to intervene.
Similarly, the third criterion for the division of firms is the tangible net worth, taken as the proxy for debt capacity.
Hence, we argue that hydrogen peroxide detected in iron-containing systems with an iron-chelator added is a proxy for the capacity of the system to generate ·OH in the absence of an iron chelator.
To the extent that inputs - such as R&D expenditures - are a proxy for innovation capacity, Europe, according to a June 2015 report by McKinsey Global Institute, spends 2% of its GDP on R&D, about the same as China's 1.98%, but well behind United States' 2.8%.
Another proxy of households' capacity to pay used in the literature is their non-food expenditure.
Previous studies have shown that age is at best a proxy for developmental capacity [ 8– 10] and other key determining factors are highlighted.
These differences are clinically important but are not detected by diagnostic strategies that use serotype as a proxy for pathogenic capacity.
It is recognized that age is, at best, a proxy for developmental capacity, and that experience, maturity and psychological state are key determining factors.
