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Motivated by the criminology literature, we propose a novel proxy based on the inherent risk underlying criminal activities.
For the conversion of tree biomass to carbon stocks, we considered a common proxy based on the assumption that 50% of the biomass is carbon (Malhi et al. 2004; Roy et al. 2001).
While we included age at onset as the prior historical exposure, retrospective construction of a "cohort" of this kind based on respondent recall data has inherent limitations to cause and effect interpretations (i.e., the pseudo cohort directly acts as a proxy based on the nature of this sample being cross-sectional).
There were no baseline data on cardiovascular admissions, so the total hospital admissions were used as a proxy based on the assumption that the proportion of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular admissions was the same in the intervention and control groups before baseline.
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Molecular proxies based on the organic matter preserved in paleosols form an essential part of this record, but the long-term preservation of SOM is poorly understood, especially for sediment traps and slope profiles.
It also built a custom proxy based on open source software to power the entire project.
We determined variations in local hydroclimate using compound specific δD of terrestrial leaf waxes, and compared these results to a new record of temperature utilizing the TEX86 paleotemperature proxy, based on aquatic Thaumarchaeotal membrane lipids.
Let us next compare the external notability proxy (based on geographic and temporal search interest) of a random sample of men and women in Wikipedia born since 1900.
Thus, we examine the feasibility of constructing an NPGO proxy based on tree-ring cellulose oxygen isotopes (δ18O) that reflects relative humidity by means of the tree from northeastern Japan.
A payment proxy based on procedure code and region of care by the data provider was estimated for expenditures for services provided under capitation arrangements.
We presented here two 2700 years' long records from the Santa Barbara Basin of ENSO/PDO proxies based on coccolithophores: one resulting from the relative abundance in the assemblage of one warm species Gephyrocapsa oceanica and the other from the degree of calcification of a group of three abundant species (Emiliania huxleyi, G. ericsonii, G. muellerae).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com