Two main proximate limiting factors, pollen limitation and resource limitation, have been proposed to explain these common phenomena (Haig and Westoby 1988).
Proximate cause limits the degree to which even a fault system allocates losses on the basis of fault by considering as relevant, but not conclusive, factors that help define the cheapest cost avoiders.
For instance, a mechanistic modeling can provide information on proximate constraints limiting distribution and abundance of a species.
Some groups continue to live in remote areas, where interaction with peoples and cultures beyond their proximate surroundings is limited.
Human disturbance has been identified as a proximate cause of limiting corridor use or increasing streaking behavior by wild elephants, but there are likely to be physiological triggers that directly initiate these risk averse behaviors.
By preventing the attribution of responsibility for certain fortuitously-caused harms, proximate cause doctrine thus limits liability to instances in which there is not merely wrongful conduct on the part of the tortfeasor, but wrongful conduct towards - i.e., a wronging of - the victim.
However, decomposition is not limited to proximate factors, and our illustration is intended as a starting point for the more comprehensive analysis of disparities of outcomes that are measured as continuous variables, which we hope will add a new tool for epidemiologic analysis at any level.
Surplus facility, limited resources and proximate facilities.
This indicates that the results of Experiment 1, revealing an advantage for AV timing sensitivity in the presence of additional, temporally proximate, sensory events, is not limited to stimuli with complex temporal profiles, such as AV speech, but can also be found when using very basic stimuli.
Analysis of this system revealed a U-shaped distribution of high amplitude state durations as well as a proximate tangent bifurcation of the phase locked limit cycle (Fig. 5).
However, the observational nature of field studies, the results of which frequently depend on the observers' activity rhythms and are biased by impaired vision during dark moonless nights, has generally limited our understanding of the proximate mechanisms responsible for the change in activity patterns of cathemeral species.
