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Understanding phenotypic evolution necessitates investigating both the ultimate and proximate influences on traits; however, these investigations require the appropriate tools.
Here, peahen preferences simultaneously act as (proximate) influences on mate-choice decisions and as (ultimate) sources of selection on peacock plumage.
Finally, this study has illustrated how children are more sensitive to proximate influences such as family functioning and caregiver mental health in their day-to-day functioning than they are, perhaps, to parental absence.
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Windfall was an important proximate influence on buffer function because persistence was low and created structural diversity in dynamic change.
Zoological institutions provide an environment conducive to studying proximate mechanisms influencing reproduction that can provide guidance to both field and captive settings seeking to manage their stock.
Two possible proximate factors influencing altruism in chimpanzees have been highlighted: recipient's request and the presence of food [14] [15; for review see 19].
The fitness benefits that females gain from dispersal and the proximate factors influencing dispersal rates are fruitful areas for future research that could be addressed using provisioning experiments.
It is not known whether the conspecific preference found in NCM is a function of innate species-specific response characteristics of this region, or whether other proximate factors influence this selectivity.
Understanding which proximate factors influence the ability of group members to discriminate against foreigners is fundamental to gain a better understanding of the evolution and maintenance of complex social systems.
We show that our predictions hold true in ancient murrelets at our particular study site, which provides us with a novel understanding of the proximate factors influencing the incubation shift length in a seabird and of the importance of environmental conditions on reproductive success.
Research on human-environment interactions is bedeviled by two key analytical challenges: integrating natural and social science information and demonstrating causal connections between proximate and distant influences.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com