The proximate cause in most cases seems to have been fire.
These agents exert their anti-neoplastic effects by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) whose direct cytotoxic effects are in many cases the proximate cause of tumor cell death and are likely to have initial and immediate impact on treatment efficacy [ 11].
Analysis of the anecdotal reports from the sites regarding specific cases did not identify any common factor among the cases that could be viewed as a potentially proximate cause of the event.
As these are the proximate cause of tumour cell death in many cases, the amounts of reactive species that reach tumour cells and have either direct cytotoxic effects or trigger intracellular apoptotic pathways is likely to have initial and immediate impact on treatment efficacy.
An idiopathic case is one for which no other proximate cause (other explanation) exists for the venous thromboembolism.
In such a case, deactivating the LVAD is unlikely to be the proximate cause of death.
Martin commits to the claim that in the case of certain hallucinations (i.e., those which have the same kind of proximate cause as veridical perceptions), there is no more to their phenomenal character than that of being introspectively indiscriminible from a veridical perception.
In most of the described cases, an introduced or emerging disease or vector is the proximate cause.
In the Indiana case, for instance, Judge William T. Lawrence of Federal District Court in Terre Haute wrote in March that "the proximate cause of Millbrook's injuries was Millbrook's ill-advised decision to attack inmate Golden, who turned out to be armed and disposed to protect himself".
The court concluded that Carneal's actions were not reasonably foreseeable by the defendants and that in any case, his actions superseded those of the defendants, so that the latter could not be the proximate cause of the harm.
