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The implicit assumption in these specifications is that geographically proximate areas provide better controls.
Focusing on the key innovation in these papers – the use of geographically proximate areas as local controls – we concluded that while these research designs have some intuitive appeal a priori, the key identifying assumption underlying them – which generated the finding of no disemployment effects – was not supported by the data.
Recolonisation of Patagonia appears to have occurred from a trans-oceanic source, rather than from geographically proximate areas in central Chile.
The recent emergence of I. scapularis in coastal Maine and some Maritime Canadian sites (20, 21 ) brings these 2 enzootic cycles of different genospecies of B. burgdorferi into proximate areas, although their ecologic settings differ.
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"You would have to assume that what was dispersed into the environment was not dispersed at levels that were sufficient to produce human illness unless you were in the very proximate area where this letter was opened," he continued.
The absence and/or replacement of methionine residues adjacent to catalytic residues or in the proximate area of active-site pockets has been reported to confer resistance to oxidation, as based on the catalytic activity of enzymes [Estell et al. 1985, Hagihara et al. 2001, 2003, Nonaka et al. 2003].
Park and protected area managers are tasked with protecting natural environments, a particularly daunting challenge in heavily visited urban-proximate areas where flora and fauna are already stressed by external threats.
A major shortcoming of this earlier literature is that it largely ignores that the data are geographically referenced; that is, information is collected by geographical area, which are often arbitrary units of analysis that are not independent from proximate geographic areas.
But species differ in their dispersal ability and habitat requirements, making proximate priority areas necessary for some species, while undesirable for others.
Empirical results typically reveal significant correlations only across markets that are located in proximate geographic areas, with no substantive links between markets across wider zones.
Dispersal of infected I. uriae to proximate coastal areas by seabird hosts is unlikely because most species of seabirds parasitized by I. uriae are highly philopatric and forage at sea.
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