A spot check revealed that the underlying sample covers most variations in the proxy-specific definitions bTo account for the usage of different variable definitions and the possible data mining bias, we adjusted the p-values similar to Harvey et al. (2016).
According to Bolker, surrogate models "act as proxies for specific targets" and are often used in biomedical research "where the objective is to understand the mechanisms and etiology of human disease, and ultimately to develop treatments" (Bolker 2009: 489).
To empirically evaluate how holding a temporary contract is associated with a lower propensity to be involved in training activities, we consider two proxies of specific human capital accumulation at the workplace which are available in the PIAAC data.
However, these results demonstrate that not all triglycerides should be considered together and certain species may act as proxies for specific biological processes, in particular those containing shorter, more saturated fatty acids which may reflect DNL.
Still, we cannot rule out that there may be substantial residual confounding because the adiposity measurements and circulating inflammatory markers used in the current study may both be poor proxies for specific inflammation in adipose tissue.
The different pathologies were presented in this paper with their most typical cause (Table 1) and although some of them, i.e. EP-like lesion, milk spots and papular dermatitis, can be considered good proxies for specific pathogens [ 9, 15, 39, 40], none of them are strictly pathognomonic.
The accuracy and completeness of information given by proxy respondents varies by the relationship to the study participant, the gender, race, and age of the proxy, the specific questions asked, and how long the proxy and study participant lived together [ 54- 57].
Here using relative 23S rRNA:rDNA ratios as a proxy for specific activity, we examine high light (HL) adapted Prochlorococcus across environmental gradients in the surface North Pacific Ocean to (1) determine the coupling between activity and abundance across taxonomic ranks and (2) examine the specific activity among closely related operational taxonomic units (OTUs).
Scientists rely on symbolically specific proxies, such as artistic expression, to document the origins of complex cognition.
"They're very willing to use all kinds of proxies to achieve specific clandestine foreign-policy goals," says a senior U.S. official who has been briefed on intelligence reports.
