Nation comparisons often cannot assume independence between observations on a variable (nations form 'families'), and this provokes biased coefficients and likely heteroskadisticity.
However, all three scenarios provoke no bias for the rate of positive blood cultures.
The different rate of cesarean sections observed among the different nationalities might provoke selection bias in the application of EA, as our study of the ethnic component was limited to vaginal deliveries.
Health-conscious women are likely to initiate care early and to attend visits regularly and generally they also present health-seeking behaviors, a fact that might have provoked selection bias.
This catheterization is not feasible in awake mice, and anesthesia in spontaneously breathing mice placed in a supine position for instrumentation probably results in hypoventilation, thereby provoking major bias to the sensitive readout performed here.
This introduces at least two issues: First, it remains unclear which reference attributes the respondent uses to generate the rank order, which constricts intersubjective comparability and provokes primacy biases (i.e., the tendency to give more attention to items listed first) (Bowling 2005).
AS THE bulging mailbag of many a newspaper attests, there is no subject quite like Israel's conflict with the Palestinians to provoke charges of "bias".
With studios in London, Cairo and Lebanon, and correspondents across the world, BBC Arabic is tasked with providing "impartial, balanced and accurate news and information" across a region where reports on the Gaza war provoke cries of bias from all sides and one viewer's "terrorist" can be another's "freedom fighter".
Moreover, part of the results are based on the perception of the respondents, which might provoke social desirability bias.
Another limiting factor is that the outcomes were based on the perception of the respondents, which might provoke social desirability bias.
When Joseph Karo published Shulḥan ʿarukh (1565; "The Well-Laid Table"), its Sephardic bias provoked Isserles to write a commentary entitled Mappa ("The Tablecloth"), first published in Kraków in 1571 as notes to an edition of Shulḥan ʿarukh.
