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Woody debris provides substrate for a large part of forest biodiversity.
Biodegradable organic matter (BOM) provides substrate for microbial re-growth in the distribution system, biological processes can effectively remove organic matter and ammonia content from raw water.
This metabolite is thought to be relevant because it provides substrate for tissue-specific synthesis of the active form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D)), the natural ligand for the nuclear vitamin D receptor.
A recent study showed that the endoglucanase activity of the GH9 domain provides substrate for the exoglucanase activity of the GH48 domain [ 15], suggesting that this is the rate-limiting activity for this enzyme.
Views on nutrition support in humans appeared mixed with some evidence (from animal models) to suggest that nutrition support decreased survival rates since it provides substrate for the tumour, while others took the view that it had no adverse risks and allowed patients to better tolerate aggressive anticancer therapies.
The majority of N. attenuata's direct and indirect chemical defenses can be abolished by silencing the expression of two biosynthetic genes: LIPOXYGENASE 2 (LOX2), which provides substrate for GLV biosynthesis; and LOX3, essential for jasmonate biosynthesis, and thus also for the expression of most direct defense traits and the emission of TAB (Kessler et al., 2004; Allmann et al., 2010).
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Uridine diphosphate-galactose-4-epimerase participates in a metabolic pathway that provides substrates for posttranslational glycosylation of secreted and membrane glycoproteins, including hematopoietic growth factors and their receptors; there may be a causal relationship between the two disorders.
Usually these enzyme complexes are found in the mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells, but plastid-bearing organisms also possess a PDH in the plastid that provides substrates for type II fatty acid biosynthesis operating in the organelle [4].
Whereas the mitochondrial complex mainly provides substrates for the citric acid cycle, the chloroplast homologue produces precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis [ 45].
Although glycolysis provides substrates for the TCA cycle, it is known that activation of glycolysis is not necessary coupled with the activation of the TCA cycle.
The accumulated citrate could be further cleaved by acl to provide substrate for fatty acid synthesis.
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