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BG provides causality between system's variables which allows FDI algorithms to be developed systematically from the graph.
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Investigators provided causality assessments for unsolicited events.
Investigators provided causality assessments for unsolicited AEs.
Finally, our study is cross-sectional and does not provide causality in terms of the direction of the association.
All solicited injection site AEs were considered to be vaccine-related, and investigators provided causality assessments for solicited general events.
Injection-site events were considered to be vaccine-related, and investigators provided causality assessments for general symptoms.
Only sophisticated genetic experiments in vivo, coupled with the unique ability of the mammary gland elements to be transplanted between genotypes, can provide causality for the involvement of TGF-βs and HGF/SF in different aspects of mammary gland morphogenesis and function.
This analysis provides the causality information between reactions in terms of their dependencies, which cannot be revealed by simple reaction counting.
However, due to the underlying research design, these results do not provide for causality [23].
However, these metrics are symmetric and they neither provide the causality relationships nor do they discriminate between indirect relations.
The cross-sectional design of this study does not provide any causality inferences between the outcome and various independent variables, it only demonstrates associations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com