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Although biological thiol concentrations are typically higher than cellular H2S levels (high nM to low μM), the constant enzymatic production of H2S provides a continuous source of highly nucleophilic sulfide.
HIV-1 can be detected in body fluids such as breast milk or seminal plasma despite control of the viral load in the blood with effective ART (Neveu et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 1998) and provides a continuous source of virus particles to easily spread the infection.
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In the most recent study, the authors showed that hES cells spontaneously and continuously differentiate into hdFs, providing a continuous source of endogenous hES cell supportive factors, including IGF-2 and a host of TGF-β family of factors and other ligands [23].
Thus, AML-004 cells provide a continuous source of human cells for designing novel therapies for patients with T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.
In vitro replicas of bone marrow can potentially provide a continuous source of blood cells for transplantation and serve as a laboratory model to examine human immune system dysfunctions and drug toxicology.
Whole cells have some NAD+ and NADP+ reserves that provide a continuous source of cofactors [7].
During incubation, this medium was refreshed every 2 days to provide a continuous source of Dox.
Sessile bacteria in biofilms provide a continuous source of planktonic bacteria as bacterial populations expand.
Mutations provide a continuous source of variation in natural populations, on which natural selection can act.
In both cases, humans initially lack immunity to infection, and provide a continuous source of susceptible hosts for the pathogens [ 2, 3].
Cell lines have been used as model systems to understand various mechanisms of plants in animal and human health as they provide a continuous source of large numbers of cells necessary for proliferation and differentiation.
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