In other words, today's shallow but wide networks are likely better at providing instrumental support.
Research consistently shows that children who live near their parents are more likely to provide instrumental support than children who live farther away.
In general, due to the lack of consistent expectations for the future, the offspring's ken lao cannot provide instrumental support for the parents, but also curtails independent pension resources in the future.
We thank the social workers from the community center for providing instrumental support in recruitment.
Support from friends and neighbours appeared to follow a similar pattern with one or two key individuals identified as providing instrumental support with day-to-day living.
Rhoda's second daughter did not provide instrumental support; instead, her role in the family was to take her out shopping.
UNICEF will be a strategic partner of the Government of Turkmenistan to provide instrumental support in national development by integrating the best interests of all children, including vulnerable children and children with disabilities into national policies and practices.
Higher odds of distress have also been observed in caregivers that provide more informal support [ 81], which is the case in our sample too, and suggests that providing instrumental support to caregivers and integrating informal and formal services may reduce caregiver distress.
Generally, these findings imply that a care-giver's network members, either participating in care-giving or not, have the potential to provide instrumental support (such as helping with care-giving tasks) and emotional support, or to be a source of strain for the care-giver.
