The specificity of NF-κB binding was proven using excess, unlabelled NF-κB probe that competed successfully for NF-κB binding, whereas an unrelated competitor (activator protein-1 oligonucleotide) did not (data not shown).
A number of studies have proven that excess ROS production and/or antioxidant depletion are associated with the apoptotic response induced by several anticancer agents, such as isoobtusilactone A and tamoxifen.
This proves that excess return does exist in the US stock market, and this excess return cannot be explained by the CAPM model.
The changes in the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio have also been studied in several experimental ischemic models proving that excess of Bcl-2 promotes cell survival, while Bax excess induces cell death.
Electronic spectra and SEC measurements proved that excess of Fe2+ ions results in their end-capping by these ions and shortening of the polymer chains.
In this connection, experimental studies carried out thus far, using cell culture systems and/or animal models, have consistently proved that excess cholesterol may stimulate amyloidogenesis by neuronal cells and that hypercholesterolemia is associated with increased deposition of Aβ in the brain (for a review, see Ricciarelli et al., 2012).
In the 1970s Saudi Arabia had proven reserves in excess of 150 billion barrels, more than twice as much as any other nation, and five or six times the proven reserves of such major non-OPEC producers as the United States and Mexico.
After all, it has been proven beyond doubt that excess weight increases the risk of a range of diseases from cancers and heart disease to stroke and joint problems.
For flies, dilution of the concentration of yeast in a diet that is provided in excess, has proven to be practical and effective [12], [28].
Genetic and pharmacological experiments have proven that chelation of excess iron may be an effective therapy for PD.
