Although a few of them have shown limited efficiency in animal models or in small clinical studies, none of the currently available antioxidants have proven efficacious in a large-scale controlled study.
This has already begun to happen, with a stable isopropyl ester analog of RvE1, RX-10045 (Resolvyx Pharmaceuticals) proving efficacious in a Phase II clinical trial to treat the signs and symptoms of dry eye (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00799552), and with C15 being an ideal candidate for canonical structure activity relation studies to develop novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which eliminates PCs and is approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma, has proven efficacious in an experimental model of SLE clinically and by significantly decreasing autoantibody titers in preventive and therapeutic approaches [ 205].
Corroborating a preliminary report [20], the IgG mAb proved efficacious in reducing fungal growth as early as after a 4 h contact and in a dose-dependent manner.
In terms of efficacy (secondary objective), esomeprazole proved efficacious in preventing the recurrence of peptic ulcers in this at-risk patient population, with an overall estimated ulcer-free rate after 1 year of 95.9%.
Transdermal testosterone gel (a hydroalcoholic gel) applied to intact, clean, and dry skin proved efficacious in maintaining physiological levels of serum testosterone throughout a day.
Virtual surgical planning (VSP) with subsequent computer-aided design and manufacturing have proved efficacious in improving the efficiency and outcomes of a plethora of surgical modalities, including mandibular reconstruction and orthognathic surgery.
Physiotherapy consisted of a combined therapy approach that has proved efficacious in patellofemoral pain syndrome 19 and included patellar mobilisation, patellar taping, a progressive programme of vasti muscle retraining exercises with electromyographic biofeedback, hamstring and anterior hip stretches, hip external rotator retraining, and a home exercise programme.
It was developed as a self-help booklet which proved efficacious in several studies [ 43, 44].
Thus, C. asiatica by acting as a potent antioxidant exerted significant neuroprotective effect and proved efficacious in protecting rat brain against age related oxidative damage.
