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Both SEP3 GFP and AG:GFP were present from the protrusion stage of ovule development stage 1 onwards (stages after [ 50]).
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For analysis of the AVM axon protrusion phenotype, L4 stage larvae were mounted on a 5% agarose pad.
Previous work has shown that the defects seen in protrusion and migration stages do not differ significantly from the division stage.
At earlier embryonic stages we found that the lens had only somewhat displaced towards the outside of the eye compared to wild-type (for example as shown for E13.5 in Figure 4A/B), suggesting that this phenotype may be due to a secondary effect based on the increasing disproportion in size of the retinal cup and the lens that causes its protrusion in later stages.
As the protrusion elongated through stages III to V, ISP1-GFP remained confined to the end of the protrusion and eventually the apical end of the mature ookinete (stage VI), whereas ISP3-GFP was spread over the entire length of the protrusion until it fully covered the emerging ookinete (Fig. 3A,B).
In its early stage, chronic protrusions persist because of high intradiscal pressure pushing the nucleous pulposus material out of the disc; however, annulus fibrosus fibres later undergo advanced degenerative changes and lose the ability to recoil (Fig. 15c).
Defects in direction of protrusion, migration, and division stages were scored for all the genotypes.
Among pre-miR-9-treated DAOY cells, some contacted with each other through their branching protrusions, suggesting a primary stage of differentiation, while control-treated cells retained flat morphology.
Since a protocorm is a post-embryonic structure, the initial leaf-like protrusion formed at the protocorm stage cannot be regarded as cotyledons (Batygina and Andronova 2000).
However, it may change at the early stage of the protrusion (< 10 sec).
In stage II, a protrusion emerged from the zygote and both ISP1-GFP and ISP3-GFP were associated with this bulge.
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