Occasionally, ePG8 protrusions project proximally along the ISN to some extent.
The potential selective value of extracellular protrusions is also illustrated by a number of living eukaryotic groups, such as foraminiferans and radiolarians, which have a central cell body enclosed within a rigid test that has pores through which protrusions project.
Time-lapse video microscopy also revealed that FRNK cells while anchored to the substrate still exhibited broad membrane protrusions that projected in multiple directions, a phenomenon known as membrane ruffling (see Supplementary information).
Ephrin and the ephrin type A receptors are known to be particularly important in the development of the small protrusions that project from the shafts of the dendritic processes of neurons, the spines.
Consistent with this observation, in in vitro reconstituted sensory-to-motor synaptic circuits, presynaptic overexpression of ApLRRTK also induced lengthened protrusions that projected towards the postsynaptic motor neuron and established physical contact.
The high affinity RBDs all possess a bulky aromatic residue (Trp120 in RanBP1) at the base of this loop, causing the latter to project outwards as a prominent protrusion on the protein surface (Figure S4A and B).
We believe that these protrusions are cristae with projecting kinocilia.
These inner point features include the number of H-bond donors and acceptors, B-factor of structure atoms or protrusion index [42] The following aggregation function is used to project the pocket atoms feature vectors onto the inner points: textrm{IFV}(P) = sum_{mathrm{A}_{i}in mathrm{A}(P)} textrm{AFV}left(mathrm{A}_{i}right) cdot w text{dist}(P,mathrm{A}_{i})) quad || quad text{FV}(P), (2).
Neurosecretory hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal (H-NH) neurons project axons to the neurohypophysis (NH), a richly vascularised protrusion of the ventral forebrain floor (Hokfelt and Fuxe, 1972; Gorbman et al., 1983; Markakis, 2002).
The increased morphological jaw protrusion of limnetic fish sets up clear kinematic predictions: limnetics should be able to project their oral jaws farther than benthics during the strike.
