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To overcome the limitations of these auxiliary assumptions, the model has been extended to include different speciation modes, such as random fission [13], [14], abundance-independent speciation rates [15], [16] and protracted speciation [17].
We attribute this decrease to protracted speciation.
The other two causes may be difficult to distinguish as they can lead to similar patterns, but we suggest protracted speciation as the most likely cause here.
Second, the very recent shift in diversification rates is expected under protracted speciation, but could result from incomplete taxon sampling only if the missing species were those that have originated most recently.
This not only highlights the very recent timing of the rate shift (consistent with protracted speciation), but it also shows that no additional rate shifts throughout the evolutionary history of Carychiidae have occurred, suggesting that major environmental changes did not affect the rate of diversification of this clade.
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I say "mostly tree-like" because recombination obviously messes things up dramatically at the tips, and because of recent work by Jeffrey Lawrence that demonstrated the difficulty (impossibility?) of establishing clean bifurcations within enteric bacteria due to protracted periods of speciation.
A protracted silence.
They are also protracted.
Conflicts are becoming more protracted.
The result was protracted economic weakness.
Long, protracted courtships are not uncommon".
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