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The ability of S-1 to deliver protracted plasma concentrations of 5-FU without the need for intravenous access or an infusion pump makes it an attractive alternative in regimens combining chemotherapy and radiation.
The preferential antiangiogenic and pro-apoptotic activity in vitro for protracted low concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs has been previously demonstrated for 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, taxanes, epothilones and vinblastine (Bocci et al, 2002; Klement et al, 2002) but is unclear if all or other anticancer drugs have the same properties.
Moreover, as a consequence of a protracted absorption phase, plasma concentrations at late time points were higher following oral administration than those after intravenous dosing.
Our results are highly suggestive of the presence of the so-called 'antiangiogenic window' (Bocci et al, 2002) when protracted exposure to low concentrations of SN-38 was used.
However, in a previous study of capecitabine we saw protracted elevation of plasma dUrd concentrations that lasted for the entire course of treatment (Li et al, 2007).
These mechanisms mean that oral S-1 administration can generate a higher concentration of 5-FU than protracted intravenous injection of 5-FU alone.
The maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of 5-FU in plasma during S-1 treatment have been found to be higher than the steady-state concentration and AUC of 5-FU in plasma during protracted intravenous infusion of 5-FU at a dose of 250 mg m−2 daYamadaamada et al, 2003).
Insulin detemir is a long-acting, soluble acylated analogue of human insulin [LysB29 (Nεtetradecanoyl) des (B30) human insulin] with a protracted action profile attributable to increased self-association at the injection site and buffering of insulin concentration via albumin binding in both the subcutaneous tissue and the blood 12.
To use doses (concentrations) similar to human exposure, cells should be exposed to relatively low levels of arsenic for protracted periods.
A protracted silence.
They are also protracted.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com