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On further increasing the pyridine content the proton formation becomes slower than the pyridine complexation.
Using the estimation of the life time of near-equatorial protons we explain the difference in spectral indices of radiation belt and near-equatorial proton formation.
On the basis of kinetics of proton formation, the CO-tolerance ability on double-layer Pt with Cu is found to be greatly improved compared with that on pure Pt.
In the presence of onium salts, the photolysis of coumarins in the absence of O2 results in proton formation: /gf(H+) = 1.3 × 10−2 (C-7) and /gf(H+) = 2.3 × 10−2 (C-153) and it is concluded that protons play a major role in the initiation of the polymerization.
In bottles supplied with 0.5 and 1 g L−1 of elemental sulphur, a pH drop from 1.63 to 1.54 was measured due to proton formation from sulphur oxidation (2S° + 3O2 + 2H2O → 2H2SO4) (Bosecker 1997).
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Thus, the reaction contributes to proton gradient formation [ 21].
With only one proton, the formation of strong hydrogen bonds becomes less important, while the phosphate Na+ electrostatic interactions become more relevant.
15 The stereochemical outcome of this reaction results from pseudoaxial approach of the electrophile and was confirmed by nOe studies on 21. 8 Oxidation of the selenide in 21 with concomitant elimination gave 22 as the only product due to the anti relationship between the C11 selenoxide and the C7 proton preventing formation of the C7 C11 double bond (Scheme 2A).
In this analytical format, lower deuteration levels would reflect more protection of the amide protons and formation of hydrogen bonding due to residues involvement in secondary structure elements, interaction, or shielding from the solvent.
Protection of amide protons by formation of hydrogen-bonded helical structure during the early folding events has been analyzed by pH-pulse labeling.
The ligand and protein environments of the active sites of SODs evolved such that three essential features for catalysis were reached: (1) Adjustment of the metal reduction potential to an optimum level for catalysis (∼0.36 V); (2) control of anion (O2–) access to the active site, as discussed above for Tyr9; and (3) availability of a source of protons for formation of H2O2.
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