Sentence examples for protocols for transformation from inspiring English sources

The principal requirements for such a system are sufficiently efficient methods to (a) isolate clonal populations (e.g., via plating on solid media), to (b) transfer genetic material (i.e., protocols for transformation, transduction, or conjugation), and to (c) link the transfer of the genetic material to an identifiable (i.e., screenable or selectable) phenotype (e.g., conferred by marker genes).

We used standard protocols for transformation and DNA isolation.

Studies on B. distachyon benefit from rapidly developing community resources, such as a completely sequenced genome, mutant collections (both chemically derived and sequence-indexed DNA insertions), and efficient protocols for transformation and crossing [ 2- 5].

The pBluescript phagemid, pBSIIsk, was excised from the Lambda ZAP vector, following protocol for transformation into XL1-Blue MRF' (Stratagene) E. coli strain for plating and picking.

Using a modified protocol for transformation of Halobacterium sp., recombinant plasmids each with one of the SIVsm gene segment, were transformed into the Vac- SD109.

While several protocols for genetic transformation had been reported for this species [ 14, 21– 23]; an efficient standardized transformation system is not yet available for the species [ 24].

We then present template protocols for the transformation of bacteria in modified natural systems, such as in the presence of host tissues and extracts or in the greenhouse.

Successful protocols for genetic transformation of Carrizo citrange have been developed over the past years [ 6].

Recently, several efficient protocols for crambe transformation are available [ 27, 28] and RNAi has shown to be an effective gene knockdown tool for crambe where CaFAD2 RNAi gene silencing resulted in increased C18 1 levels (from 14.5% to 24.9%) [ 29].

Functional genetic studies are difficult to perform in perennial woody species due to the lack of efficient protocols for mutagenesis, transformation and in vitro regeneration; therefore, understanding the natural variations for traits of interest represents a valuable tool.

Li et al. [ 14] developed a protocol for crambe transformation based on hypocotyl explants, using 25 mg · L-1 kanamycin selection and obtained a transformation frequency between 1% to 3%.