The digestion of protein entails breaking the complex molecule first into peptides, each having a number of amino acids, and second into individual amino acids.
A detailed understanding of the functional mechanism of a protein entails the characterization of its energy landscape.
The size of these proteins entails specific forms of OMM permeabilization for their release, whose molecular mechanisms remain controversial.
The maturation of ER client proteins entails the chaperone assisted folding of nascent chains and assembly of functional complexes.
The heat shock induces an aggregation of denatured proteins at the nuclear matrix owed to the insolubility of cellular proteins after heat-induced protein unfolding, entailing an enhancement of the nuclear protein concentration.
For other HEAT solenoids, protein-interaction entailed dramatic conformational switches and complex multiple points of contact along the idiosyncratic contours formed by HEAT repeat packing, not accurately mapped by the methods that determine the sites of docking-interactions between globular proteins (37).
Designing a protein chip entails the use of proteo-chemistry, materials science, surface chemistry and countless other disciplines which make the whole process far more complex than producing a gene chip.
This is normally followed by 'bottom up' proteomic identification of the purified proteins, which entails proteolytic cleavage of the protein mixture (usually by trypsin) followed by MS-based sequencing of the resulting peptides, from which the protein identities can be deduced.
In principal, functional proteins entail orchestrated intra-molecular interactions of the component residues and proper folding of entire polypeptide chains, which can be substantiated as so-called protein structures.
Since longer proteins entail a greater metabolic cost (Akashi 1996), protein length can increase when selective constraints are relaxed, so that small insertions into coding regions that have very small effects on fitness can then be fixed more frequently.
