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The main risk factors for bloodstream infection were birth weight [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45 2.17] and parenteral feeding with hospital-pharmacy-produced, all-in-one mixture 'Minimix' (HR 3.69, 95%CI 2.03 6.69); administration of intravenous antibiotics (HR 0.39, 95%CI 0.26 0.56) was a protective risk factor.
The mechanism by which predisposing and protective risk factors interact to induce asthma remains unclear.
Potentially different environmental exposures in the latter group may moderate the protective risk[ 18].
Some evidence of the maintenance of protective risk factors such as high parity has been observed among Ashkenazi women in São Paulo.
The only protective risk factors identified according to these criteria in the case control studies were meningococcal vaccination 29 and attendance at religious ceremonies, 29 of which the latter was not adjusted for due to the age group in consideration.
Recently Zietz et al [ 30] reported that low levels of adiponectin are associated with low levels of HDL-cholesterol and might represent an independent cardiovascular risk factor, whereas high levels of adiponectin are associated with high levels of HDL-cholesterol indicating a protective risk profile.
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Similarly, the study was powered at 80percenttoto detect protective risks of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 with exposure rates of 5, 10 and 20percentt respectively in controls(Dupont and Plummer, 1990).
Current suicide prevention strategies involve screening of both protective and risk factors for those at high risk of suicide.
Our findings have demonstrated both protective and risk alleles for COMT in association with the risk for preeclampsia.
If these frequency differences could be substantiated in larger groups of patients, they could indicate protective or risk alleles and might be useful for predicting risk.
psychosocial variables can be protective or risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain (GWG).
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