It has been suggested that coffee is a protective factor against colorectal cancer through its carcinogenic constituents, cafestol and kahweal and its ability to induce excretion of bile acids and neutral sterols into the colon[ 76].
Among the possible mechanisms are the scavengers of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, as well as possible up-regulation of protective enzymes by constituents present in fruits, protecting against oxidative damage to the DNA (Moller and Loft 2006).
Recent studies have evaluated the protective effects of herbal constituents such as epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, and quercetin as antioxidant agents against neurological diseases induced by reactive oxygen species (Kumar & Kumar, 2009; Nabavi et al., 2012).
To further explore the bioactive constituents and protective mechanisms of Duzhong, seven compounds from Duzhong were tested on MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cell lines in vitro.
These findings may be explained by adverse effects of meat and fish, protective effects of typical constituents of vegan and lacto-ovo vegetarian diets, other characteristics of people who choose vegetarian diets, or a combination of these factors.
Peptidoglycan, which is one of the constituents of the protective barrier of gram-negative bacteria, at the same time represents one of the main targets of the innate immune system of the host [1].
Based on these results, other mechanisms may also contribute to the protective effects of the main constituents of WEP.
2, 10, 17 Vegetarian and vegan diets tend to be higher in these protective plant foods and plant constituents than omnivorous diets.
The protective role of SIgA as a constituent of breast milk in humans needs to be better defined, beginning with epidemiological studies that link the concentration and activity of SIgA in breast milk to its beneficial effects.
Although it is currently not possible to pinpoint exactly what constituents of diet are protective against cancer, there is a consensus that diet is an important component of cancer risk.
