Many susceptible and protective combinations of allelic variations are known and epistatic interactions between alleles have been hypothesized (Erlich et al., 2008; Koeleman et al., 2004).
Detecting gene-gene interactions with relevance to risk of disorder can be more complicated and hard to interpret than expected, as theoretically, a certain gene could be protective in combination with one gene but risk conferring in combination with another gene.
Significant differences were seen in patients in the antithrombotic group with and without postoperative bleeding according to ESD duration (p = 0.041), PPI + mucosal protective agent combination therapy (p = 0.039), and LDA + warfarin combination therapy (p < 0.001).
Restriction of protein folding stress with cycloheximide was protective, while combination with autophagy inhibitors did not sensitize cells to celastrol-mediated cytotoxicity.
On the other hand, in the treatment of post-ESD ulcers, PPI + mucosal protective agent combination therapy is reported to yield better healing rates and similar postoperative bleeding rates as PPI monotherapy [ 25, 26].
While some studies have shown a protective effect, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has not consistently been observed to affect rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and only modestly improves HPV infection clearance [ 7, 16– 216.
In this study, we included patients on antithrombotic therapy, and the fact that our results show a reduction in postoperative bleeding can be attributed to a superior promotion of ulcer healing with PPI + mucosal protective agent combination therapy, as demonstrated in the earlier studies.
Adoption of LPOS-OSN by other groups would be encouraged if this technology was compatible with commercial building blocks and common protective group combinations.
To allow reliable chemical manipulations and to establish stable protection and facile deprotection at high selectivity, benzyl was evaluated for the C-3 protection in combination with other protective groups including triphenylmethyl (trityl) for C-6 and acetyl or phthaloyl for C-2.
More importantly, ClyS and oxacillin at doses that were not protective individually, in combination, protected synergistically against MRSA septic death in a mouse model (Daniel et al. 2010).
