Counsel for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, joined by the office of the Governor, argued that the constitution did not require the holding of primary elections to fill vacancies, and that the statute "protected valid and compelling state interests in protecting the validity of the electoral process and limiting the term of a [governor-]appointed Senator".
Fairness, voluntariness and full financial disclosure not only protect the validity of the agreement, but also enhance the couple's prospects for a happy marriage.
Where the original application once embraced the purported equivalent but the patentee narrowed his claims to obtain the patent or to protect its validity, the patentee cannot assert that he lacked the words to describe the subject matter in question.
Ability to discern these biases is vital to successful use of this approach and will help protect against validity threats to inferences made about data from the community.
The DSMB will assist and advise the principal investigators so as to protect the validity and credibility of the trial.
A cohort study design with treatment partitioning is the best approach to enable causal inference and protect internal validity [ 35].
A cohort study design with treatment partitioning and propensity scoring provides the best approach to enable causal inference and protect internal validity whilst taking account of the specific community and program context [ 35].
These factors meant that a true baseline measurement was not possible and a study design with treatment partitioning represented the best approach to enable causal inference and protect internal validity [ 22].
A number of safeguards including multiple coding, triangulation and discussion of data interpretation, however, were introduced to protect the validity of the data (Mays and Pope, 1995; Mays and Pope, 1999), and the frank nature of the responses from both patients and professionals suggests this to be unlikely.
Due to the fact that a comprehensive colony health monitoring program is so vital in protecting the validity and reproducibility of experimental research data, it must be devoted an appropriate priority in terms of budget, personnel, and other resources.
When the case was decided, Article 149(1) of the Constitution, which protects the validity of anti-subversion laws notwithstanding inconsistencies with specified fundamental liberties, did not cover inconsistencies with Article 12.
