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I first show that even though orthographically Mandarin ei is always represented as a stand-alone unit in writing, separated from the sentence that follows, this particle is not always produced as its own prosodic unit in natural conversation and may or may not be latched onto the turn component it prefaces.
Here, 'context' refers to the correlation between each prosodic unit and its surroundings.
All contexts were considered, including those without a stressed vowel, such as the prepositions comdeemsemsobdo(s)no(s); the personal pronouns metesenosvoslhe(s)o(s)a(s)lo(s)no(s)vo(s mo(s to(s)lho(s); the relative pronoun que; and the conjunctions enemquese, which are often added to a stressed nuclei within the prosodic unit.
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It does not have the steady, abstract rhythm of traditional poetry; its rhythms are based on patterned elements such as sounds, words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs, rather than on the traditional prosodic units of metrical feet per line.
We instructed them to try to break up the signed text into smaller units – the equivalent of cutting unbroken speech down into prosodic units.
However, with the advent of the Veerashaiva (lit, "brave devotees of the god Shiva") religious movement in the mid-12th century, poets favoured the native tripadi (three-line verse composed of eleven ganas or prosodic units), hadugabba (song-poem) and free verse metres for their poems.
Prosodic features of a unit of speech are called suprasegmental features since they affect all the segments of the unit.
However, the TTS with the waveform-based synthesis units approach necessitates a prosody model all the time to deal with the prosodic modification on synthesized units.
The choice of wording and prosodic structure are then jointly optimized with unit selection for waveform generation in speech synthesis.
The target unit used to indicate the prosodic events can be a phone, syllable or word, with acoustic features typically modeled by statistical machine learning methods.
The selection of the units aims to cover as many units as possible in different phonetic and prosodic contexts in order to provide the necessary variability in the synthetic speech output.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com