The director of public prosecutions subsequently ruled out the case.
Ray pleaded not guilty to the rape charges and the Crown Prosecution Service subsequently decided to discontinue proceedings against him.
The prosecution challenged, subsequently, if it was necessary to prove that an order had been given for criminal responsibility to attach.
Snowden subsequently fled to Hong Kong and then to Russia to avoid prosecution, after his disclosures triggered international outrage over the reach of US spy operations.
My research shows that transitional countries — those moving from authoritarian governments to democracy or from civil war to peace — where human rights prosecutions have taken place subsequently become less repressive than transitional countries without prosecutions, holding other factors constant.
Some prosecution evidence, which had subsequently been retracted, was deemed to be inadmissible.
Shanly had already reached a civil settlement with HMRC on £1.5m of evaded taxes, and HMRC was stung into a prosecution when he was subsequently discovered to have evaded a further £430,000 on his mother's estate.
In the vast majority of cases that did not lead to formal prosecution, he said, investigators subsequently charged the cadets making the accusations with the very infractions they had promised to overlook.
He wrote: "The two public order offences mentioned above are subject to a six-month prosecution time limit so subsequently both were taken no further as, by the time we became aware of the offence, we had no power to proceed, despite both having clear evidence of an offence taking place.
As Panetta noted in a statement last week, "Both cases were previously reviewed by career federal prosecutors who subsequently declined prosecution". According to former senior intelligence officials I spoke with, both were battlefield detentions that took place early in the war, and neither had anything to do with the CIA's interrogation program.
