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and cognitive items that measure functional literacy in three domains: prose, document, and quantitative.
(I suppose you could even automatically render them into JIRA tickets, if you really had to; but the point is that the master specification would be a single coherent prose document).
The NAAL data show that GED recipients have test scores on prose, document, and quantitative literacy that are nearly identical to the test scores of adults with a high school diploma and far above the scores of high school dropouts (Kutner et al2007).
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9. Danilo Kis is the most remarkable Yugoslav novelist that I know of, but the most telling prose documents of the era came from the Communist-Party-official-turned-dissident, Milovan Djilas.
Danilo Kis is the most remarkable Yugoslav novelist that I know of, but the most telling prose documents of the era came from the Communist-Party-official-turned-dissident, Milovan Djilas.
Like IALS, ALL included measures of prose and document literacy.
For example, Park and Kyei (2011) used data from IALS (1994 1998) to investigate the relationships of Educational Attainment with both prose and document literacy.
While the IALS and ALL surveys included separate prose and document literacy scales, those domains were rescaled to form a single literacy scale for PIAAC.
Literacy The PIAAC literacy scale included both prose and document literacy tasks.6 While literacy had been a focus of both the IALS and ALL surveys, PIAAC was the first of these surveys to address literacy in digital environments.
17 This national survey of adult literacy indicated these specific levels of education were more likely to achieve lower literacy scores for the prose and document literacy scales compared with adults of higher education.
For example, the 2006 Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (Australia) found 60% of adults to be performing at the lowest levels of health literacy when assessed for prose literacy, document literacy, numeracy and problem solving [ 2].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com