Because the available file formats are proprietary, have limitations on the features they can reliably show, and use different atom labelling schemes from crystallographic programs, it is difficult to devise automated validation procedures, such as those in place for the crystallography.
Presenteeism and absenteeism will be assessed using the proprietary Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ), which examines the frequency of difficulty to perform specific job tasks [ 67].
Commercial hardware-assisted solutions are proprietary with various limitations.
Even if A.I.G. sells the bank, it could still be subject to Volcker-like limitations on proprietary trading.
Based on certain assumptions on the reduction of leverage, limitations on proprietary trading and full disclosure of all derivatives portfolios and possibly forcing their spinoff into operating self-capitalized entities, I can see earnings of major houses like JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America taking hits to their earnings power of 15% to 20%.
Dodd-Frank imposes Volcker Rule limitations on proprietary trading of derivatives such as futures contracts for oil, copper, grain and on, so the banks go one step deeper and make an end run to avert oversight.
The major strength of this study is the application of a PDA software program using Open Source tools for collecting data, and two different methodologies to evaluate it, which allows us to develop a low-cost system, tailored more closely to our needs and specifications without the limitations of proprietary systems.
It may be faster, but it has many limitations and is proprietary to Microsoft programs.
Thus the Volcker rule in the US, seeking limitations on banks' proprietary trading activities, has descended into a debate about details and definitions.
However, proprietary systems have a number of limitations, including vendor lock-in, lack of transparency, limited extensibility, and cost, as we have reviewed previously [ 30].
A lot of the technology the authors discuss is still proprietary, so their arguments about technical limitations remain speculative at best.
