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Moreover, this observation generalizes: when subjects are partially ignorant of the semantic values of their words, the diagonal proposition determined by the propositional concept can capture the empirical information conveyed by the assertion.
The character (Kaplan) or propositional concept (Stalnaker) is a function from contexts to propositions.
The concept of a propositional concept allows Stalnaker to accommodate the facts that, as we saw above, seemed to pose a problem for referentialists.
The propositional concept of an utterance can be seen as the effect it will have on the various contexts in which it might occur.
The propositional concept corresponding to this statement will yield the truth for any pair of worlds w, w′ such that there is an x that is referred to as 'that man' in w, and x is sitting in w′.
Given the propositional concept of the utterance "that man is sitting", it works, in the paradigmatic case, to convey information about who is sitting, and it also has the capacity, in a different situation, to convey information about to whom I am pointing.
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For us, however, it is sufficient to observe that all unities are propositions or propositional concepts, and that consequently nothing that exists is a unity.
Stalnaker calls such matrices propositional concepts, since they reflect the subject's current imperfect conception of the meaning of the sentence.[23] This particular matrix reflects the fact that O'Leary's current epistemic state is compatible with the identity sentence expressing either a necessary truth or a necessary falsehood, depending on empirical facts about the actual context of use.
Then, there is a type \(\omicron_{1}\) of concepts of members of \(\omicron_{0}\), which are called propositional concepts.
Now consider the propositional concepts PBC and PBB of "Bill Clinton was a boy in Hope, Arkansas" and "Bill Blythe was a boy in this town".
First, how should we characterize the possible worlds that define propositional concepts: which objects, kinds, or properties should we invoke in describing the different ways the world might be?
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.
Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com