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What is the nature of propositional knowledge, knowledge that a particular proposition about the world is true?
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The molecules and photons impinging on our bodies produce sensations; these sensations give rise to basic beliefs — like "I am seeing red now" — which serve as evidence for higher-level propositions about the world.
Claims to the effect that actual people know actual facts about the world are contingent propositions about the world.
This conception of scientific knowledge is intended to encompass not only conceptual propositions, but also propositions about the real natures or essences of substances, which is to say propositions about the world.
According to Kant, theoretical judgments are judgments used such that their overall rational purpose or function is to be true propositions about the world, whether that world is taken to be phenomenal or noumenal (20: 195).
Most of all, having faith doesn't mean that you memorize a set of propositions about the world.
In other words, some propositions of the EI-type (propositions about the "external" world) can be used to neutralize the grounds for ordinary incredulity.
Thus, for example, he is content to allow that philosophical argument may show that a phenomenalist analysis of propositions about the physical world is correct.
Further, the Epistemist could point out that Descartes was able to properly assert EI-propositions about the external world only after he had explained how his epistemic errors were compatible with there being a "perfect" creator.
We are confident that we know certain propositions about the external world, but there seems to be no adequate explanation of how we gained this knowledge short of saying that it is innate.
He has found a proposition that, if true, would (by itself) defeat the justification he has for his assenting to propositions about the external world and (at this point in the Meditations) which is such that (1) he does not have a way to deny it and such that (2) he has no way to neutralize its effect.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com