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To verify the proposed roughness model, a comparison was made using the test data of the antenna pattern, where the sine wave represents the period model and the Gaussian represents the random model.
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Reliable classification into smooth and rough is proposed and roughness changes within different particle batches were tracked systematically.
Since roughness is a basic mechanical parameter, while filtering concerns is the electrical properties, the proposed novel roughness modeling method can be called the electromechanical coupled roughness model and abbreviated as the EC model.
Instead of linear compression, we propose generic roughness measure to generate the delicate segmentation of image color.
In [11], two objective metrics (3DWPM1 and 3DWPM2) derived from two definitions of surface roughness are proposed as the change in roughness between the reference and test meshes.
(a) Roughness, proposed in [88], is an estimation of the sensory dissonance of a sound, expressing a sense of roughness of a sound due to rapid fluctuations in its amplitude.
In this paper, an alternative method is proposed which characterizes roughness with the aid of the power spectrum of the whole surface profile of sand particles.
The one-dimensional PSD roughness proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the power form [49, 52] S_{xi xi } (Upomega ) = S_{0} Upomega^{ - gamma }, (94 with parameters S0 = 3.37 × 10−6 m3/cycle and γ = 2.0 is adopted for numerical computation.
It is worthy mentioning that the proposed global surface roughness retrieval model only uses AMSR-E C- and X-band brightness temperatures without any ancillary data and might be fitted for global applications.
Poiseuille number of rarefied gas flow in channels with designed roughness is studied and a multiplicative decomposition of Poiseuille number on the effects of rarefaction and roughness is proposed.
A new set of formulas that incorporate the relative roughness are proposed.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com