Sentence examples for proposed by force from inspiring English sources

It has been shown that diversification of paralogous genes whose products are strictly involved in amino acid biosynthesis has led to functional diversification such that retention of both copies is needed to fulfill the function carried out by the original gene [4] [6], thus supporting the duplication-degeneration-complementation model proposed by Force et al. [7].

One model, the duplication-degeneration-complementation model (DDC) describing the fate of duplicates was proposed by Force et al. [ 19] and illustrated in the works of van Hoof [ 24].

The Duplication-Degeneration-Complementation (ddc) sub-functionalization model, first proposed by Force et al.[ 18], posits that the paralogs evolve complementary sub-functions, overall maintaining the ancestral function [ 19].

The duplication-degeneration-complementarity (DDC) model proposed by Force et al. [ 3] and Lynch and Force [ 4] suggests that subfunctionalization is a major mechanism for retention of duplicated genes as a result of differential expression caused by accumulation of mutations in regulatory regions rather than protein coding regions.

As proposed by Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project,1 ERF estimated by using AGCMs with a fixed SST, which does not require extrapolation, would greatly advance the study in a more quantitative way.

An extended key block method for rock mass stability analysis is proposed by considering the force effect of key blocks in later batches to the first batch which is exposed at rock mass surfaces.

Similarly, the process might follow either the purely neutral DDC model originally proposed by several authors (Force et al. 1999; Stoltzfus 1999) or involve other selective forces, including adaptive ones (Des Marais and Rausher 2008): for review, see Innan and Kondrashov (2010).

The new Privacy Policy Office proposed by the task force would work with the administration, the F.T.C. and other agencies on issues surrounding international and commercial data privacy issues.

Then, the numerical method of the hypersingular integral equation for a rectangular crack subjected to normal load is proposed by the body force method, which the crack opening dislocation is approximated by the product of basic density functions and polynomials.

The goals of HCEC were proposed by the task force.

According to this model, initially proposed by Hertz, the force (F )-indentation relation is a function of Young's modulus of the cell, K, and the angle formed by the indenter and the plane of the surface, θ, as follows: F= [(K/2 1-v)][4/π tan θ].