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More seriously, when delay or packet loss are detected, TCP assumes congestion and slows down the rate of outgoing data [46 48] propose formulae to calculate the effective bandwidth of TCP connections in the presence of errors where, for example, a 0.2% packet loss eventually slows down and limits the effective connection speed to 52.2 Mbps irrespective of the nominal bandwidth.
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For each, we derive the parameters that govern and affect its operations, and propose formulas for its utilization factor.
The proposed formulae are defined considering various associated failures modes.
The proposed formulae agreed well with the published experimental data.
Predictions of these proposed formulae were compared with existing well known formulae using experimental data and statistical methods highlighting the simplicity and importance of the proposed formulae.
The error analysis of proposed formulae was performed to indicate that the proposed formulae more accurate compared to the available methods of predicting sewing thread consumption.
A comprehensive review of different design codes formulae is discussed and compared with the proposed formulae.
The proposed formulae are entirely suitable for manual as well as spreadsheet and electronic computations.
The validity of the proposed formulae is demonstrated through numerical analysis.
A comparison between the proposed formulae with experimental tests carried by different researchers is conducted.
The proposed formulae are simple and account for member size effect through fracture mechanics concepts.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com