Reducing the proposal burden by the cooling-off period or by limiting grants to one award per investigator appear to achieve their primary aim, but can produce collateral effects on funded-proposal quality and the success rate of individuals.
Highly capable research clusters may profitably and efficiently choose to submit many proposals, which may or may not be tolerable from the perspectives of science and society because of the increased proposal burden and possibly lower-quality funded research [11].
And in the absence of actual evidence of voter fraud, the state's proposal simply burdens voters without any clear benefit.
It has also put on the table a bold, if controversial, proposal for burden-sharing based on historical responsibilities for the warming we've seen so far.
Carbon Washington, a multistakeholder coalition that is sponsoring the initiative, says the tax swap addresses one of the most common problems with carbon tax proposals: Their burden tends to fall disproportionately on the poor.
A simulation incorporating this "cooling-off period" reduces the proposal-review burden by 34% relative to the baseline, largely by equalizing G1 and G2 submission rates.
But ironically, what seems to be the administration's core proposal, ratcheting up the burden on "rich" taxpayers earning over $250,000, could have unintended consequences.
Originally, officials proposed that E-ZPass users pay a 10 percent toll increase, but the alternate proposal shifts the burden entirely onto drivers who pay cash.
At Somatex Medical Technologies, which makes medical equipment like bone marrow biopsy needles in Teltow, a mile southwest of Berlin, the owner, Frank Kniep, sees the proposal as another burden on small businesses.
"The Medicaid cuts in the president's proposal shift the burden to states and ultimately onto the shoulders of seniors, people with disabilities and low-income families who depend on the program as their lifeline," said Ronald F. Pollack, executive director of Families USA, a liberal-leaning consumer group.
Davis concedes the card proposal wouldn't burden small businesses directly, but she worries it could drive up card fees and lead the IRS to unfairly "profile" businesses for audit.
