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In a column this year, Archbishop Chaput wrote that Catholics could support a politician who supported abortion only if they had a "compelling proportionate reason" to justify it.
Her workplace was a hospital where concerns of health and safety amounted (as a matter of common sense) to a compelling and proportionate reason for a restriction on a nurse's freedom otherwise to manifest her religious beliefs.
However, a more specific interpretation of the "double effect" moral principle has recently been proposed, reducing it to whether there is a "proportionate reason" for carrying out the direct action [ 52].
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At that time, I and many other Catholics judged that preventing four more years of the Bush administration -- with its policies on torture and the Iraq war -- were just such proportionate reasons.
In July 2004, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, now Pope Benedict XVI, confirmed, "When a Catholic does not share a candidate's stand in favor of abortion and/or euthanasia, but votes for that candidate for other reasons, it is considered remote material cooperation, which can be permitted in the presence of proportionate reasons".
Burke now says that, in theory, there could be "proportionate reasons" that justify voting for someone who does not share the church's position against abortion -- though in practice, he told the St . Louis Post-Dispatch "it is difficult to imagine" what such reasons would be.
"The fine has to be proportionate and reasonable.
"What is a 'proportionate' reason when it comes to the abortion issue?" the archbishop wrote.
Albums ranked between 300 and 400 suffered the greatest proportionate losses.One possible reason is that the profile of music buyers has changed.
The moral law gives rise to the highest good (i.e., virtue and conditioned, proportionate happiness), as practical reason's ultimate end.
The reason is a proportionate increase in service rounds with traffic load, which in turn allows more packets to be transmitted and, thus, leads to fewer packets being delayed in each round.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com