His 1978 bill was flatter in its proportionate effect on individual tax bills (red bars), which pushed the overall distribution toward the wealthier groups (teal bars).
Manufacturers have pumped increasing quantities of money into promotions, believing that promotions have a greater and more immediate proportionate effect on sales than theme advertising has.
Q: No evidence that a move at the mid-point of the year gives each teacher half the responsibility for the student's learning, or that each week has a proportionate effect?
The incidence of lognormal scaling in the distribution of energies released by iceberg fracturing suggests that the dominant mechanisms by which icebergs decay can be approximated as a process operating under the law of proportionate effect.
Some Democratic presidential hopefuls, for instance, have begun discussing certain universal benefit programs, like free daycare and child allowances, that would have a larger proportionate effect on black families simply because those families make less money than their white counterparts.
The properties of the standard cross sectional test of the Law of Proportionate Effect (LPE) are compared with those of three alternative panel unit root tests, using Monte Carlo methods.
This law of proportionate effect is also known as Gibrat's law [19].
Regardless of how many models were introduced previously, the law of proportionate effect is currently a good starting point available for the explanation of the genesis of the Zipf's law-like distribution in mRNA abundance, since it is the basis for the model of the clock-like accumulation of gene expression divergence [53] [55].
This is the model of the genesis of Zipf's law of the transcriptome suggested by Ogasawara [35], and this process is generally known as the Gibrat process or the law of proportionate effect which was first introduced as an explanation of firm size distribution [38] [41].
Those processes include the law of proportionate effect which is described above, the theory of breakage studied by Kolmogoroff [48], the preferential attachment process studied by Yule [49] and Simon [50], the optimization theory of the genesis of Zipf's law studied by Mandelbrot [51], and the distribution of powers and products of normal variables studied by Haldane [52].
